Configuration File

This context defines a mailbox that is authorized to use SMTP AUTH and POP3.

Each block supports a single mailbox. The mailbox_is_wildcard directive allows for wildcards.

incoming_email_domain example.com {
  user_mailbox newsletter {
    mailbox_delivery_mode local
    ...
  }
}

syntax:

forwarding_mailbox localpart [, ... ] { other_directives }

context:

This context defines a forwarding mailbox.

Each block supports a single mailbox. The mailbox_is_wildcard directive allows for wildcards.

incoming_email_domain example.com {
  forwarding_mailbox newsletter {
    mailbox_forward_to "[email protected]"
    ...
  }
}

syntax:

throttle_program name [, ... ] { other_directives }

context:

top-level

This context defines the configuration for a Throttle Program.

The define_throttle_programs_in_config_file directive must be enabled for this context to take effect.

Each block supports a single throttle program.

throttle_program warmup {
  backoff_max_concurrent_connections 10%
  ....
}

syntax:

mail_class name [, ... ] { other_directives }

context:

top-level

This context defines the configuration for a Mail Class.

The define_mail_classes_in_config_file directive must be enabled for this context to take effect.

Each block supports a single Mail Class.

mail_class orders {
  virtual_mta smtp1
  ....
}

Configuration Directives

Directives are configuration settings that apply a specific option within a context.

syntax:

domain_macro macro_name domain1, domain2 [, ... ]

context:

top-level

This directive creates a macro that may be referenced from the strings/domains provided to a domain directive. See the example below to see how they are used.

domain_macro google gmail.com, googlemail.com
domain_macro microsoft msn, hotmail
domain_macro yahoo yahoo, ymail, rocketmail
domain_macro tlds com, net
ip_address * {
  domain $google {
    ...
  }
  domain $microsoft.com {
    ...
  }
  domain $yahoo.$tlds {
    ...
  }
}

The above example expands to the equivalent configuration below.

ip_address * {
  domain gmail.com, googlemail.com {
    ...
  }
  domain msn.com, hotmail.com {
    ...
  }
  domain yahoo.com, yahoo.net, ymail.com, ymail.net, rocketmail.com, rocketmail.net {
    ...
  }
}

Domain macros must be defined before they are used. If a macro’s definition is changed later in a configuration file, the new definition is used for subsequent directives.

syntax:

include filename

context:

top-level

This directive includes the given file to be parsed as part of the configuration file. This is useful for separating complex configurations into multiple files.

The filename given must be an absolute path (i.e., it must begin with /).

This directive can only be specified at the top-level of a file.

include /usr/local/etc/ga/ip_addresses.conf
include /usr/local/etc/ga/general.conf

Performance Tuning

GreenArrow Studio

The settings in this section pertain to GreenArrow Studio.

syntax:

studio_message_generation_processes_per_campaign integer

default:

Automatic based upon the available CPU/RAM resources.

context:

The number of message generation processes each campaign should start. Increasing this setting is advisable for systems that tend to send single, large campaigns.

For systems that are sending multiple simultaneous campaigns, this should remain at its default.

general {
  studio_message_generation_processes_per_campaign 2
}

syntax:

studio_workers_shared integer

default:

Automatic based upon the available CPU/RAM resources.

context:

The number of “shared” workers that are created to send campaigns. If there are no campaigns to send, these workers can also perform imports, exports, and other background jobs – excluding transactional email. Using this along with zero values for studio_workers_general and studio_workers_imports means that if enough campaigns are running, all imports/exports and general tasks will have to wait until the campaigns are done – which is not desirable.

We only recommend using shared workers on very low memory systems, because it is better to have a dedicated number of workers for each type of task.

general {
  studio_workers_shared 2
}

syntax:

studio_workers_campaigns integer

default:

Automatic based upon the available CPU/RAM resources.

context:

The number of workers that are created exclusively to send campaigns. This should generally be used in favor of studio_workers_shared.

general {
  studio_workers_campaigns 2
}

syntax:

studio_workers_general integer

default:

Automatic based upon the available CPU/RAM resources.

context:

The number of workers that are created to run other background jobs. These workers handle most background activity in GreenArrow Studio. The things that are not handled by these workers include imports, exports, transactional email, and campaigns.

Examples of general tasks include recording a click to the database and calculating the estimated number of recipients in a campaign.

general {
  studio_workers_general 2
}

syntax:

studio_workers_imports integer

default:

Automatic based upon the available CPU/RAM resources.

context:

The number of workers that are created to handle imports and exports.

general {
  studio_workers_imports 2
}

syntax:

studio_workers_transactional integer

default:

Automatic based upon the available CPU/RAM resources.

context:

The number of workers that are created to deliver transactional email - this includes autoresponders, campaign previews, web form confirmation, and any other non-campaign emails sent from GreenArrow Studio.

general {
  studio_workers_transactional 2
}

HTTP Server

The settings in this section are related to the Apache HTTP Server and the Passenger application server.

syntax:

passenger_max_requests_in_queue integer

default:

Automatic based upon the available CPU/RAM resources.

context:

This sets the PassengerMaxRequestQueueSize directive in Passenger, the maximum number of requests that can sit in Passenger’s queue waiting for an application instance.

To apply changes to this directive, run greenarrow_config reload_passenger.

general {
  passenger_max_requests_in_queue 2
}

syntax:

passenger_min_application_instances integer

default:

Automatic based upon the available CPU/RAM resources.

context:

This sets the PassengerMinInstances directive in Passenger, the minimum number of instances of the application server which handles HTTP/HTTPS requests that should be kept running at any time.

To apply changes to this directive, run greenarrow_config reload_passenger.

general {
  passenger_min_application_instances 2
}

syntax:

passenger_max_application_instances integer

default:

Automatic based upon the available CPU/RAM resources.

context:

This sets the PassengerMaxPoolSize directive in Passenger, the maximum number of instances of the application server which handles HTTP/HTTPS requests that should be kept running at any time. On servers that are not low on memory, we recommend keeping the minimum and maximum equal.

To apply changes to this directive, run greenarrow_config reload_passenger.

general {
  passenger_max_application_instances 2
}

syntax:

apache_max_clients integer

default:

Automatic based upon the available CPU/RAM resources.

context:

This sets the MaxClients and ServerLimit directives in Apache. These limit the number of HTTP/HTTPS sessions that Apache can handle simultaneously.

general {
  apache_max_clients 2
}

syntax:

write_could_not_process_bounce_messages boolean

default:

yes

context:

Ordinarily, when the bounce processor cannot process message received to a bounce mailbox, a copy of that message is written to /var/hvmail/maildata/Maildir-bounce/.INBOX.CouldNotProcess/new. When write_could_not_process_bounce_messages is turned off, these messages will not be written.

The most common usage of this option comes in tandem with Obscured Email Addresses, to reduce the amount of recipient data written to disk by GreenArrow.

general {
  write_could_not_process_bounce_messages no
}

Database Server

syntax:

postgres_max_connections integer

default:

Automatic based upon the available CPU/RAM resources.

context:

The maximum number of concurrent connections allowed to be made to the PostgreSQL database server.

To apply changes to this directive, run greenarrow_config reload_postgres.

general {
  postgres_max_connections 200
}

By default, the following equation is used, rounded up to the next 100:

1.25 * (
  100 +
  (6 + studio_message_generation_processes_per_campaign) *
  (studio_workers_shared + studio_workers_campaigns) + 2 *
  (studio_workers_general + studio_workers_imports + studio_workers_transactional) +
  passenger_max_application_instances
)

System Resources

The system resources directives are normally only used to decrease GreenArrow’s view of what resources are available. For example, it could make sense to do that if you’re running non-GreenArrow applications on the same server.

syntax:

system_memory_gigabytes float

default:

The amount of RAM in the system, in gigabytes.

context:

This directive overrides GreenArrow’s view of how much RAM exists in this system. This causes dynamic defaults to be set based upon this amount of RAM, instead of the actual amount of RAM.

This does not cause GreenArrow to use more or less RAM, except as an effect of changed dynamic defaults.

general {
  system_memory_gigabytes 8.5
}

syntax:

system_cpu_core_count integer

default:

The number of CPU cores in the system.

context:

This directive overrides GreenArrow’s view of how many CPU cores exist in this system. This causes dynamic defaults to be set based upon this number of CPU cores, instead of the actual number of CPU cores.

This does not cause GreenArrow to use more or less CPU, except as an effect of changed dynamic defaults.

general {
  system_cpu_core_count 4
}

SMTP Delivery

The settings in this section control how GreenArrow delivers email via SMTP.

DNS

syntax:

max_dns_queries integer

default:

100

context:

The maximum number of concurrent DNS queries that may be executed. It’s extremely uncommon that this value should be changed. Set this to 0 to have no limit.

general {
  max_dns_queries 100
}

Automatic Back-off

syntax:

notify_on_backoff email_address [, ... ]

default:

none

context:

Whenever a throttle program begins or ends automatic back-off, these email addresses will receive a notification.

general {
  notify_on_backoff "[email protected]", "[email protected]"
}

The email message when backoff mode begins looks like:

Backoff mode started

Backoff mode will last until 2018-03-21 12:39:07 CDT.

This throttle:

    https://example.com/ga/eui/virtual_mta/eng_throttles/45

IP Address:

    127.0.0.101
    ip-1.example.com
    https://example.com/ga/eui/virtual_mta/ip_addresses/74

Domains:

    first.example.com
    second.example.com
    example.com

Logged information:

    backoff mode began
    failure rate (60/120; 50.00%) exceeds limit of 20%
    combined failure and deferral rate (60/120 failures; 0/120 deferrals; 50.00%) exceeds deferral limit of 30%

The email message when backoff mode ends looks like:

Backoff mode ended

This throttle:

    https://example.com/ga/eui/virtual_mta/eng_throttles/45

IP Address:

    127.0.0.101
    ip-1.example.com
    https://example.com/ga/eui/virtual_mta/ip_addresses/74

Domains:

    first.example.com
    second.example.com
    example.com

Logged information:

    backoff mode ended

Outgoing Connections

syntax:

system_max_smtp_connections integer

default:

10000

context:

The maximum number of concurrent SMTP connections that may be established. Set this to 0 to have no limit.

general {
  system_max_smtp_connections 10000
}

syntax:

reuse_connections boolean

default:

context:

By default, when sending emails, GreenArrow Engine attempts to deliver one message per SMTP session. This means that if an email provider imposes a limit on how many messages they accept per SMTP session, you don’t need to worry about exceeding that limitation.

For high volume email recipients, you can choose to enable connection reuse to send multiple messages in a single SMTP session. This can offer a significant performance boost when applied to your most common recipient domains.

With this setting enabled, connections are used so long as the previous delivery attempt succeeded. When a delivery attempt ends in any kind of non-acceptance (deferral, failure, or connection error), the connection is closed.

See reuse_connections_timeout and reuse_connections_max_messages to adjust for how long connections are reused.

# Reuse connections to Google on all IP addresses.

ip_address * {
  domain gmail.com, googlemail.com {
    reuse_connections yes
  }
}

syntax:

reuse_connections_timeout time duration

default:

context:

The duration for which the connection should be held open without any delivery attempts.

This value is ignored unless reuse_connections is set to yes.

# Reuse connections on "ip-addr-3" to all domains, allowing the connection to
# idle for up to 2 seconds between deliveries.

ip_address ip-addr-3 {
  domain * {
    reuse_connections yes
    reuse_connections_timeout 2s
  }
}

syntax:

reuse_connections_max_messages integer

default:

100

context:

The maximum number of deliveries that should to attempt on a single open connection before closing.

This value is ignored unless reuse_connections is set to yes.

# Reuse connections on all IPs to all Domains, with a maximum of 500 messages
# per connection.

ip_address * {
  domain * {
    reuse_connections yes
    reuse_connections_max_messages 500
  }
}

Encryption

syntax:

starttls_use boolean

default:

context:

When this directive is enabled for a domain (including the * wildcard domain), GreenArrow issues the STARTTLS command to servers that offer it.

If the server replies to STARTTLS with an error, the existing connection is used without TLS - unless starttls_require is enabled.

# Override the default to always try to use STARTTLS if it's available.
ip_address * {
  domain * {
    starttls_use yes
  }
}

# However - on this IP, we don't want to use STARTTLS to Gmail.
ip_address smtp-7 {
  domain gmail.com, googlemail.com {
    starttls_use no
  }
}

syntax:

starttls_require boolean

default:

context:

When this directive and starttls_use are both enabled, email is not delivered unless a STARTTLS connection can be established:

If the remote server does not offer the STARTTLS command, the type of response is determined by the starttls_require_action directive.
If an error occurs while establishing a STARTTLS connection, a temporary failure is returned. This differs from GreenArrow’s standard behavior, which would result in the message being delivered without TLS.

# Override the default to always try to use STARTTLS if it's available.
ip_address * {
  domain * {
    starttls_use yes
  }

  # Don't deliver to Google unless we're in TLS.
  domain gmail.com, googlemail.com {
    starttls_require yes
  }
}

syntax:

starttls_require_action string

default:

perm_fail

context:

When starttls_require is enabled, this directive determines what to do if STARTTLS is unavailable or unsuccessful.

perm_failure

A permanent failure is returned and the message is not retried.

The following message is returned:

Connected to {IP} but STARTTLS is not available, delivery attempt not made. (#5.7.10)

temp_failure

A temporary failure is returned and the message may be retried.

The following message is returned:

Connected to {IP} but STARTTLS is not available, delivery attempt not made. (#4.7.10)

discard

A fake “success” is generated to prevent the message from being retried.

The following message is returned:

Connected to {IP} but STARTTLS is not available, delivery attempt not made. (#2.7.10)

# Override the default to always try to use STARTTLS if it's available.
ip_address * {
  domain * {
    starttls_use yes
  }
}

# Discard email for Yahoo that can't be sent with TLS.
ip_address * {
  domain yahoo.com {
    starttls_require yes
    starttls_require_action discard
  }
}

Overrides

syntax:

delivery_override string

default:

none

context:

Override the delivery.

none	No delivery override occurs.
perm_failure	No delivery attempt occurs; instead, a fake permanent failure is returned: `Delivery attempt prevented by local configuration. (#5.7.1)`
temp_failure	No delivery attempt occurs; instead, a fake temporary failure (deferral) is returned: `Delivery attempt prevented by local configuration. (#4.7.1)`
discard	No delivery attempt occurs; instead, a fake acceptance is returned: `This message was discarded by local configuration. (#2.7.1)`

# Discard all email for Yahoo. Do not attempt delivery.
ip_address * {
  domain yahoo.com {
    delivery_override discard
  }
}

syntax:

smtp_route string

default:

none

context:

domain, relay_server

Override the destination to which email is delivered. The argument may include a port number following a colon. If the port number is not specified, port 25 is assumed.

Formerly, this was accomplished using the /var/hvmail/control/smtproutes file. If that file exists, it is used at a lower precedence than this smtp_route directive.

ip_address * {
  # Deliver all Yahoo mail to localhost port 2500.
  domain yahoo.com {
    smtp_route 127.0.0.1:2500
  }

  # Deliver all Microsoft mail to Google??? That's weird...
  domain msn.com, hotmail.com {
    smtp_route smtp.googlemail.com:25
  }
}

Error Handling

syntax:

message_transfer_timeout_action string

default:

temp_failure

context:

Define what the delivery result should be when the delivery attempt has a connection failure (at either the TCP or TLS layer) or a timeout while the message is transferring. This directive applies until the . is sent, at which point the message_transfer_response_timeout_action directive applies.

perm_failure

A permanent failure is returned and the message is not retried.

The following message is returned:

Connected to {IP} but connection died. (#5.4.2)

temp_failure

A temporary failure is returned and the message may be retried.

The following message is returned:

Connected to {IP} but connection died. (#4.4.2)

discard

A fake “success” is generated to prevent the message from being retried.

The following message is returned:

Connected to {IP} but connection died. (#2.4.2)

ip_address * {
  # Message transfer timeouts shouldn't be retried.
  domain yahoo.com {
    message_transfer_timeout_action perm_failure
  }
}

syntax:

message_transfer_response_timeout_action string

default:

temp_failure

context:

Define what the delivery result should be when the delivery attempt has a connection failure (at either the TCP or TLS layer) or a timeout after the . is sent.

This is the critical period where a timeout or disconnection can cause a duplicate message delivery.

perm_failure

A permanent failure is returned and the message is not retried.

The following message is returned:

Connected to {IP} but connection died. Possible duplicate! (#5.4.2)

temp_failure

A temporary failure is returned and the message may be retried.

The following message is returned:

Connected to {IP} but connection died. Possible duplicate! (#4.4.2)

discard

A fake “success” is generated to prevent the message from being retried.

The following message is returned:

Connected to {IP} but connection died. Possible duplicate! (#2.4.2)

ip_address * {
  domain * {
    message_transfer_response_timeout_action discard
  }
}

DKIM

syntax:

pcompat_dkim_key selector domain private_key_filename

context:

virtual_mta_injected

selector	The selector to use in the DKIM signature.
domain_name	Domain name of the key.
private_key_filename	A filename containing a private key in PEM format (must be an absolute path).

This directive is to provide compatibility with the PowerMTA configuration directive domain-key to aid in migrating from PowerMTA to GreenArrow.

This specifies DKIM private keys used by the PowerMTA compatibility DKIM signing system. DKIM keys specified with this directive are not available to use by the X-GreenArrow-DKIM header.

This directive can be specified multiple times to provide multiple DKIM keys that could apply.

What domain name may be used in the signature depends on the pcompat_dkim_identity:

If there IS NOT a pcompat_dkim_identity value defined, then a DKIM key matching one of these domain names is searched for. The first match is used:

The domain name specified in a Sender header, if present
The domain name specified in the From header

If there IS a pcompat_dkim_identity value defined, then a DKIM key matching this domain name is searched for:

The domain name specified in pcompat_dkim_identity
- If found, then the pcompat_dkim_identity domain name is used as the i= parameter in the signature, and the domain name in the matched pcompat_dkim_key record is used as the d= parameter (except for a * domain, where the pcompat_dkim_identity domain name is used as the d= parameter)

Searching for a DKIM key that matches a domain name is done as follows:

Keys defined in an exact-match virtual_mta_injected are searched before keys in a wildcard-matching (*) virtual_mta_injected block.
Inside of a matching virtual_mta_injected block, the first key (in the order specified in the configuration file) that contains a domain name matching one of these criteria:
- Equal to the “search domain name”
- A parent domain name of the “search domain name” – the domain name specified with DKIM key is used in the DKIM signature
- A domain of * – the “search domain name” is used in the DKIM signature

Note: because domain names are matched in the order specified in the configuration file, any pcompat_dkim_key record with a domain name of * should be the last pcompat_dkim_key record in the containing virtual_mta_injected block.

virtual_mta_injected ipaddr-1 {
  pcompat_dkim_key selector example.com /path/to/private_key_filename.pem
}

syntax:

pcompat_dkim_sign boolean

default:

context:

virtual_mta_injected

This is to provide compatibility with the PowerMTA configuration directive dkim-sign to aid in migrating from PowerMTA to GreenArrow.

If enabled, the PowerMTA compatibility DKIM signing system will add a DKIM signature to messages at the time of injection - if a matching DKIM key is found as described in pcompat_dkim_key.

Caveat - The GreenArrow PowerMTA compatibility DKIM signing system signs messages at the time of injection. It appears that PowerMTA signs messages at the time of delivery.

virtual_mta_injected * {
  pcompat_dkim_sign yes
}

syntax:

pcompat_dkim_identity domain

context:

virtual_mta_injected

This is to provide compatibility with the PowerMTA configuration directive dkim-identity to aid in migrating from PowerMTA to GreenArrow.

This is used to DKIM sign an email with a domain name that is not the Sender or From header.

For a description of how this is used, see the documentation of the pcompat_dkim_key directive.

virtual_mta_injected * {
  pcompat_dkim_identity example.com
}

Logging

GreenArrow log files are automatically rotated and contain timestamps in external TAI64 format. Refer to the Service Logs documentation for more information on individual log files.

DNS

syntax:

log_dns boolean

default:

context:

Log basic information about DNS lookups performed while GreenArrow delivers mail. This is logged to /var/hvmail/log/rspawn-limiter/current. This does not log when GreenArrow’s internal DNS cache is consulted.

greenarrow-remote.6241: dns MX lookup of mail.drh.net resulted in ["mail.drh.net. (10)"]; 0.32ms elapsed
greenarrow-remote.6241: dns A lookup of mail.drh.net. resulted in ["207.99.125.72"]; 1.04ms elapsed

When doing a DNS lookup, GreenArrow Engine will retry a DNS query if it does not receive an answer within a timeout period. Each log line represents the entire process of doing the DNS resolution, so (a) you will not see a separate line for a timeout, and (b) the time spent on timeouts and retries is included in the elapsed time logged.

ip_address * {
  domain hotmail.com, msn.com {
    log_dns yes
  }
}

SMTP

syntax:

log_smtp_connections boolean

default:

context:

Log information about SMTP connections being opened and closed. This is logged to /var/hvmail/log/rspawn-limiter/current.

(123) attempting to deliver message: recipient=<[email protected]> sender=<[email protected]> mtaid=<0> sendid=<DUNNO> listid=<DUNNO> local_ip_address=<207.99.125.72>
(123) attempting to connect: domain=<mail.drh.net.> ip=<207.99.125.72>
(123) connected: domain=<mail.drh.net.> local_addr=<64.21.76.43:33469> remote_addr=<207.99.125.72:26>
(123) connection closed: local_addr=<64.21.76.43:33469> remote_addr=<207.99.125.72:26>

The prefix (123) is an identifier for the connection. These identifiers are reused.

ip_address * {
  domain hotmail.com, msn.com {
    log_smtp_connections yes
  }
}

syntax:

log_smtp_commands boolean

default:

context:

Log the SMTP commands and responses exchanged with the remote SMTP server (along with information about connections being opened/closed). This does not include message data. This is logged to /var/hvmail/log/rspawn-limiter/current.

(123) attempting to deliver message: recipient=<[email protected]> sender=<[email protected]> mtaid=<3> sendid=<a512> listid=<a2> local_ip_address=<default>
(123) attempting to connect: domain=<mail.drh.net> ip=<207.99.125.72>
(123) connected: domain=<mail.drh.net> local_addr=<64.21.76.43:33469> remote_addr=<207.99.125.72:26>
(123) <<< 220 mail.drh.net ESMTP
(123) >>> EHLO localhost
(123) <<< 250-mail.drh.net
(123) <<< 250-AUTH LOGIN PLAIN
(123) <<< 250-AUTH=LOGIN PLAIN
(123) <<< 250-PIPELINING
(123) <<< 250 8BITMIME
(123) >>> MAIL FROM:<[email protected]> BODY=8BITMIME
(123) <<< 250 ok
(123) >>> RCPT TO:<[email protected]>
(123) <<< 553 sorry, that domain isn't in my list of allowed rcpthosts (#5.7.1)
(123) >>> QUIT
(123) <<< 221 mail.drh.net
(123) connection closed: local_addr=<64.21.76.43:33469> remote_addr=<207.99.125.72:26>

The prefix (123) is an identifier for the connection. These identifiers are reused.

ip_address * {
  domain hotmail.com, msn.com {
    log_smtp_commands yes
  }
}

syntax:

log_smtp_hexdump boolean

default:

context:

Log the raw bytes exchanged with the remote SMTP server in a hex-dump format (along with information about connections being opened/closed). This includes message data. This is logged to /var/hvmail/log/rspawn-limiter/current.

(123) attempting to deliver message: recipient=<[email protected]> sender=<[email protected]> mtaid=<3> sendid=<a512> listid=<a2> local_ip_address=<default>
(123) attempting to connect: domain=<mail.drh.net> ip=<207.99.125.72>
(123) connected: domain=<mail.drh.net> local_addr=<64.21.76.43:33469> remote_addr=<207.99.125.72:26>
(123) <<< received 24 bytes
(123) 32 32 30 20 6d 61 69 6c  2e 64 72 68 2e 6e 65 74  |220 mail.drh.net|
(123) 20 45 53 4d 54 50 0d 0a                           | ESMTP..|
(123) >>> sent 16 bytes
(123) 45 48 4c 4f 20 6c 6f 63  61 6c 68 6f 73 74 0d 0a  |EHLO localhost..|
(123) <<< received 92 bytes
(123) 32 35 30 2d 6d 61 69 6c  2e 64 72 68 2e 6e 65 74  |250-mail.drh.net|
(123) 0d 0a 32 35 30 2d 41 55  54 48 20 4c 4f 47 49 4e  |..250-AUTH LOGIN|
(123) 20 50 4c 41 49 4e 0d 0a  32 35 30 2d 41 55 54 48  | PLAIN..250-AUTH|
(123) 3d 4c 4f 47 49 4e 20 50  4c 41 49 4e 0d 0a 32 35  |=LOGIN PLAIN..25|
(123) 30 2d 50 49 50 45 4c 49  4e 49 4e 47 0d 0a 32 35  |0-PIPELINING..25|
(123) 30 20 38 42 49 54 4d 49  4d 45 0d 0a              |0 8BITMIME..|
(123) >>> sent 46 bytes
(123) 4d 41 49 4c 20 46 52 4f  4d 3a 3c 73 65 6e 64 65  |MAIL FROM:<sende|
(123) 72 40 65 78 61 6d 70 6c  65 2e 63 6f 6d 3e 20 42  |[email protected]> B|
(123) 4f 44 59 3d 38 42 49 54  4d 49 4d 45 0d 0a        |ODY=8BITMIME..|
(123) <<< received 8 bytes
(123) 32 35 30 20 6f 6b 0d 0a                           |250 ok..|
(123) >>> sent 28 bytes
(123) 52 43 50 54 20 54 4f 3a  3c 75 73 65 72 40 65 78  |RCPT TO:<user@ex|
(123) 61 6d 70 6c 65 2e 63 6f  6d 3e 0d 0a              |ample.com>..|
(123) <<< received 71 bytes
(123) 35 35 33 20 73 6f 72 72  79 2c 20 74 68 61 74 20  |553 sorry, that |
(123) 64 6f 6d 61 69 6e 20 69  73 6e 27 74 20 69 6e 20  |domain isn't in |
(123) 6d 79 20 6c 69 73 74 20  6f 66 20 61 6c 6c 6f 77  |my list of allow|
(123) 65 64 20 72 63 70 74 68  6f 73 74 73 20 28 23 35  |ed rcpthosts (#5|
(123) 2e 37 2e 31 29 0d 0a                              |.7.1)..|
(123) >>> sent 6 bytes
(123) 51 55 49 54 0d 0a                                 |QUIT..|
(123) <<< received 18 bytes
(123) 32 32 31 20 6d 61 69 6c  2e 64 72 68 2e 6e 65 74  |221 mail.drh.net|
(123) 0d 0a                                             |..|
(123) connection closed: local_addr=<64.21.76.43:33469> remote_addr=<207.99.125.72:26>

The prefix (123) is an identifier for the connection. These identifiers are reused.

ip_address * {
  domain hotmail.com, msn.com {
    log_smtp_hexdump yes
  }
}

VirtualMTAs

syntax:

define_virtual_mtas_in_config_file boolean

default:

context:

When this directive is turned on, IP Addresses, Routing Rules, and Relay Servers in GreenArrow Engine’s internal database are replaced with those that are specified in the configuration file.

If this directive is enabled, default_virtual_mta must be specified.

general {
  define_virtual_mtas_in_config_file yes
}

syntax:

default_virtual_mta string

context:

The VirtualMTA to use for delivery when none is specified.

This directive only takes effect if define_virtual_mtas_in_config_file is turned on. If it is, this directive must be specified.

general {
  default_virtual_mta smtp1-1
}

syntax:

smtp_source_hostname string

context:

ip_address, relay_server

The hostname to use for outgoing SMTP connections on this VirtualMTA.

This may not be specified on the * wildcard IP address.

This directive only takes effect if define_virtual_mtas_in_config_file is turned on. If it is, it then this directive must be specified.

ip_address ip-address-1 {
  smtp_source_hostname example.com
}

syntax:

smtp_source_ip string

context:

ip_address, relay_server

The IP address to use for outgoing SMTP connections on this VirtualMTA.

This may not be specified on the * wildcard IP address.

This directive only takes effect if define_virtual_mtas_in_config_file is turned on. If it is, it then this directive must be specified for each ip_address and relay_server.

ip_address ip-address-1 {
  smtp_source_ip 127.0.0.101
}

syntax:

smtp_auth username password

context:

relay_server

These optional credentials are used as authentication for outgoing SMTP connections on this VirtualMTA.

This directive only takes effect if define_virtual_mtas_in_config_file is turned on.

relay-server my-relay-1 {
  smtp_auth my-username my-password
}

syntax:

max_concurrent_connections integer

default:

no limit

context:

domain, relay_server

In a domain block inside of an ip_address block, this specifies the maximum number of total concurrent connections allowed to these domains from this IP (as a group). If the domain block is for *, then this specifies the maximum number of concurrent connections allowed to any individual domain that does not have a more specific rule.

In a relay_server block this specifies the maximum number of total concurrent connections allowed by the relay server.

This may be set to zero for no limit.

ip_address ip-address-1 {
  # In the * wildcard case, any individual domain may have a total of 100 concurrent connections.
  domain * {
    max_concurrent_connections 100
  }
  # In this case, the two specified domains can jointly have a total of 500 concurrent connections.
  domain first.example.com, second.example.com {
    max_concurrent_connections 500
  }
}

syntax:

max_delivery_rate rate

default:

no limit

context:

ip_address, relay_server

The maximum number of delivery attempts per unit of time allowed.

The denominator may be sec, s, min, m, hr, or h.

In a domain block inside of an ip_address block, this specifies the rate allowed to these domains from this IP (as a group). If the domain block is for * , then this specifies the rate allowed to any individual domain that does not have a more specific rule.

In a relay_server block, this specifies the rate of delivery attempts allowed by the relay server.

ip_address ip-address-1 {
  # In the * wildcard case, any individual domain may send a total of 250 messages per hour.
  domain * {
    max_delivery_rate 250/hr
  }
  # In this case, the two specified domains can jointly send a total of 20 messages per second (72,000 messages per hour).
  domain first.example.com, second.example.com {
    max_delivery_rate 20/sec
  }
}

syntax:

throttle_program string

context:

ip_address

The Throttle Program that should be used on the given domains for this VirtualMTA. The program is found by (case-insensitive) name.

This directive only takes effect if define_virtual_mtas_in_config_file is turned on.

ip_address ip-address-1 {
  domain * {
    throttle_program "automatic backoff"
  }
}

Please be aware that the above example of a throttle_program on a * domain does not set a throttle_program on “all domains not otherwise specified”. Instead, this provides a default value of throttle_program to all domain groups that contain throttling directives (max_concurrent_connections and max_delivery_rate). This is because Throttle Programs only operate on explicitly listed domain names.

syntax:

routing_rule_destination virtual_mta [percentage]

context:

routing_rule_domain

The destination to which email should be delivered by this VirtualMTA. If the percentage is not specified for one or more destinations, it is apportioned evenly from whatever is remaining from 100.

Each routing_rule_domain is required to have at least one child routing_rule_destination.

This directive only takes effect if define_virtual_mtas_in_config_file is turned on.

Limit on the number of destinations: We do not recommend adding or editing more than 10,000 destinations. While GreenArrow does not enforce a hard limit on the number of destinations, performance can suffer when exceeding this threshold.

routing_rule proxy-to-other-servers {
  routing_rule_domain * {
    # fastest-server will receive 50% of the messages
    routing_rule_destination fastest-server 50%
    # The remaining three servers will receive 16.66% of the messages each
    routing_rule_destination slower-server-1
    routing_rule_destination slower-server-2
    routing_rule_destination slower-server-3
  }
}

syntax:

randomization_type type

context:

routing_rule_domain

The method of randomization to the destinations. See the Routing Rule documentation for a more detailed explanation. The randomization type can be one of random, message_constant, or email_address_constant.

This directive only takes effect if define_virtual_mtas_in_config_file is turned on.

routing_rule proxy-to-other-servers {
  routing_rule_domain * {
    # fastest-server will receive 50% of the messages
    routing_rule_destination fastest-server 50%
    # The remaining three servers will receive 16.66% of the messages each
    routing_rule_destination slower-server-1
    routing_rule_destination slower-server-2
    routing_rule_destination slower-server-3
    randomization_type message_constant
  }
}

DNS Cache

syntax:

dns_cache_service_run boolean

default:

context:

When this directive is turned on, GreenArrow provides a recursive DNS server on the localhost.

Formerly, GreenArrow required that its own recursive DNS server run on 127.0.0.1 and that /etc/resolv.conf be configured to query it.

GreenArrow now only requires that a working recursive DNS server be configured in /etc/resolv.conf. Configuring this is the responsibility of the system administrator.

WARNING: Before disabling or enabling this directive, ensure that you will not break DNS resolution on your server. This document provides some advice on how to do this.

Database Connections

syntax:

define_database_connections_in_config_file boolean

default:

context:

When this directive is turned on, Database Connections in GreenArrow’s internal database are replaced with those specified in the configuration file.

general {
  define_database_connections_in_config_file yes
}

syntax:

database_type string

context:

The type of database to connect to. The following values are accepted:

postgres	PostgreSQL
mysql	MySQL
mssql	Microsoft SQL Server

This directive only takes effect if define_database_connections_in_config_file is turned on.

database_connection db {
  database_type postgres
}

syntax:

database_host string

context:

The hostname or IP address of the database server.

By default, GreenArrow connects to the following TCP ports:

postgres	5432
mysql	3306
mssql	1433

If you would rather use a non-default port, add a : suffix to the hostname or IP address, followed by the desired port number. The following configuration connects to db.example.com on port 3000:

database_connection db {
  database_host db.example.com:3000
}

This directive only takes effect if define_database_connections_in_config_file is turned on.

syntax:

database_username string

context:

The username to login to the database with.

This directive only takes effect if define_database_connections_in_config_file is turned on.

database_connection db {
  database_username greenarrow
}

syntax:

database_password string

context:

The password to login to the database with.

This directive only takes effect if define_database_connections_in_config_file is turned on.

database_connection db {
  database_password secret
}

syntax:

database_name string

context:

The name of the database to login to.

This directive only takes effect if define_database_connections_in_config_file is turned on.

database_connection db {
  database_name crm
}

syntax:

is_remote boolean

default:

context:

Whether GreenArrow should connect to the database server using a TCP port. This usually means that the database server is remote, but you can also set is_remote to yes, then connect to a local database server by connecting to 127.0.0.1.

This directive only takes effect if define_database_connections_in_config_file is turned on.

database_connection db {
  is_remote yes
}

syntax:

use_ssl boolean

default:

context:

Whether to enable TLS/SSL when connecting to the database server.

This directive only takes effect if define_database_connections_in_config_file is turned on.

database_connection db {
  use_ssl yes
}

syntax:

extra_dsn_string string

context:

An optional string to append to the DSN used to connect to the database. All connections are made using Perl’s DBI interface.

This directive only takes effect if define_database_connections_in_config_file is turned on.

database_connection db {
  extra_dsn_string "mysql_socket=/dev/mysql"
}

syntax:

notes string

context:

An optional description. GreenArrow stores this value but does not act upon it.

This directive only takes effect if define_database_connections_in_config_file is turned on.

database_connection db {
  notes "CRM's MySQL server"
}

DKIM Keys

syntax:

define_dkim_keys_in_config_file boolean

default:

context:

When this directive is turned on, DKIM keys in GreenArrow’s internal database are replaced with those specified in the configuration file.

general {
  define_dkim_keys_in_config_file yes
}

syntax:

dkim_key selector private_key_filename default=boolean

context:

dkim_domain

selector	The selector to use in the DKIM signature.
private_key_filename	Absolute path to a file containing a private key in PEM format. If the file cannot be read or parsed, it causes a validation error.
default	An optional parameter which controls whether this key/selector combination is used by default for signing mail for the domains listed in the parent `dkim_domain` directive (the parent domains). Defaults to `no`.

Each instance of this directive defines a selector and private key to use for DKIM signing the parent domains’ email.

Each domain/selector combination may only appear once within the configuration file once. Duplicates cause validation errors.

GreenArrow extracts the public key from the private key that you provide. The public key must be at least 512 bits long to avoid validation errors. We recommend a minimum public key length of 1,024 bits.

An instance can be designated as the default for the parent domains. There can be only one default for any domain.

This directive only takes effect if define_dkim_keys_in_config_file is turned on.

DKIM keys specified with this directive are available to use by the X-GreenArrow-DKIM header.

See our DKIM keys doc for details on how GreenArrow decides on which DKIM keys to use for signing email.

dkim_domain example.com, example.net {
  dkim_key ga "/etc/my-keys/ga.pem" default=yes
  dkim_key my-selector "/etc/my-keys/my-selector.pem"
}

URL Domains

syntax:

url_domains_always_use_tls boolean

default:

yes

context:

When this directive is enabled or absent:

HTTPS is always used when generating click, open, and unsubscribe tracking links.

GreenArrow recommends enabling this setting and url_domains_get_lets_encrypt_certs to avoid open image tracking tags breaking after this change in Google Chrome 81.

When this directive is disabled:

Each URL domain has its own use_ssl setting in greenarrow.conf or “SSL” checkbox in the web interface to determine whether click, open, and unsubscribe links should be generated using HTTP or HTTPS.

general {
  url_domains_always_use_tls yes
}

syntax:

url_domains_get_lets_encrypt_certs boolean

default:

yes

context:

This directive has no effect unless the Let’s Encrypt subscriber agreement has been accepted via lets_encrypt_agree_to_terms_of_service and lets_encrypt_registration_email.

When this directive is enabled or absent:

GreenArrow tries to automatically register TLS certificates with Let’s Encrypt and configure its HTTP Server to use them.

If a domain is configured in /var/hvmail/control/httpd.ssl.listen following these instructions, then Let’s Encrypt certificate isn’t used for that domain - regardless of this directive’s setting. If the domain is removed from that file, the Let’s Encrypt certificate is used.

GreenArrow recommends enabling this setting and url_domains_always_use_tls to avoid open image tracking tags breaking after this change in Google Chrome 81.

When this directive is disabled:

GreenArrow doesn’t attempt to register Let’s Encrypt TLS certificates automatically. Any Let’s Encrypt certificates that were previously registered remain on disk but aren’t used.

general {
  url_domains_get_lets_encrypt_certs yes
}

syntax:

define_url_domains_in_config_file boolean

default:

context:

When this directive is turned on, URL domains in GreenArrow’s internal database are replaced with those specified in the configuration file.

general {
  define_url_domains_in_config_file yes
}

syntax:

use_ssl boolean

default:

context:

url_domain

When this directive is turned on for the specified URL domain, or url_domains_always_use_tls is turned on in the general context, click, open, and unsubscribe tracking URLs that use the specified URL domain use HTTPS. Otherwise, they use HTTP.

url_domain example.com {
  use_ssl yes
}

Incoming Email Domains

syntax:

define_incoming_email_domains_in_config_file boolean

default:

context:

When this directive is turned on, incoming email domains and mailboxes in GreenArrow’s internal database are replaced with those specified in the configuration file.

general {
  define_incoming_email_domains_in_config_file yes
}

syntax:

domain_aliases domain_name [, ... ]

context:

This directive lists one or more incoming email domains to alias to the domain named in the parent incoming_email_domain directive. Aliased domains inherit all of the delivery rules of the domain that they’re aliased to.

syntax:

email_status string

default:

normal

context:

This directive controls how GreenArrow delivers mail to the domain. The options are:

normal	Deliver email to the configured mailboxes.
disabled	Ignore this incoming email domain’s configuration.
defer	Defer deliveries to this domain.

syntax:

bounce_mailbox domain_name [, ... ]

context:

This directive lists the localparts of one or more bounce mailboxes.

syntax:

spam_complaint_mailbox domain_name [, ... ]

context:

This directive lists the localparts of one or more spam complaint mailboxes.

syntax:

mailbox_is_wildcard boolean

default:

context:

user_mailbox, forwarding_mailbox

By default, mailboxes receive mail for localpart@ the given domain. If mailbox_is_wildcard is set to yes, the mailbox also receives mail for localpart-*@ the given domain, where * expands to include any characters allowed in an email address, other than the @ sign.

syntax:

mailbox_forward_to email_address

context:

user_mailbox, forwarding_mailbox

This directive causes email to be forwarded to the specified addresses. If there are multiple addresses to forward to, separate them with commas.

If this directive is used in a user_mailbox context, mailbox_delivery_mode must be set to forward or forward_and_local.

syntax:

mailbox_delivery_mode string

context:

This directive controls how mail that’s sent to a user_mailbox gets delivered. The options are:

local	Deliver email to a local mailbox. The mail can be retrieved using POP3.
forward	Forward email to the address specified in mailbox_forward_to.
forward_and_local	Deliver two copies of each message - one using `forward` logic and the other using the `local` logic.
dotqmail	Process incoming email according to the rules in a .qmail file.

syntax:

mailbox_dotqmail string

context:

This directive is used to specify the contents of a .qmail file. See this document’s String Encoding section for how to enter a multiline file.

If this directive is used, mailbox_delivery_mode must be set to dotqmail.

syntax:

mailbox_password string

context:

This directive is used to specify the password that is used to login to a mailbox via SMTP or POP3.

syntax:

mailbox_locked boolean

default:

context:

This directive controls whether the mailbox is locked. Locked mailboxes cannot authenticate using POP3 or SMTP, but can still receive mail.

Throttle Programs

syntax:

define_throttle_programs_in_config_file boolean

default:

context:

When this directive is turned on, Throttle Programs in GreenArrow’s internal database are replaced with those specified in the configuration file.

general {
  define_throttle_programs_in_config_file yes
}

syntax:

backoff_max_concurrent_connections percentage or integer

context:

This directive limits the maximum number of concurrent outgoing connections while in Backoff Mode.

The value may be either an integer for a fixed limit or a percentage of the maximum number of concurrent outgoing connections allowed when not in Backoff Mode:

The minimum integer value is 1.
Valid percentage values are 1% to 100%.

throttle_program warmup {
  backoff_max_concurrent_connections 10%
}

syntax:

backoff_max_messages_per_hour percentage or integer

context:

This directive limits the maximum number of messages that may be sent per hour while in Backoff Mode.

The value may be either an integer for a fixed limit or a percentage of the maximum number of messages per hour allowed when not in Backoff Mode:

The minimum integer value is 1.
Valid percentage values are 1% to 100%.

throttle_program warmup {
  backoff_max_messages_per_hour 10%
}

syntax:

return_after duration

context:

This directive sets the amount of time to stay in Backoff Mode once it begins. The value gets rounded up to the nearest time divisible by 5 minutes (10:00 am, 10:05 am, etc.), as described in the Throttle Programs documentation.

throttle_program warmup {
  return_after 5m
}

syntax:

trigger_failure_rate percentage

context:

This optional directive sets the minimum percentage of delivery attempts which must result in bounces (permanent failures) before Backoff Mode is entered.

The trigger_required_attempts threshold must also be met to enter Backoff Mode. The trigger_deferral_rate setting has no impact on this directive’s behavior.

throttle_program warmup {
  trigger_failure_rate 10%
}

syntax:

trigger_deferral_rate percentage

context:

This optional directive sets the minimum percentage of delivery attempts which must result in deferrals or bounces (permanent failures) before Backoff Mode is entered.

The trigger_required_attempts threshold must also be met to enter Backoff Mode. The trigger_failure_rate setting has no impact on this directive’s behavior.

throttle_program warmup {
  trigger_deferral_rate 50%
}

syntax:

trigger_required_attempts integer

context:

This directive sets the minimum number of delivery attempts that must have taken place in the past 5 minutes to enter Backoff Mode. The trigger_deferral_rate or trigger_failure_rate threshold must also be met to enter Backoff Mode.

The minimum value is 1.

throttle_program warmup {
  trigger_required_attempts 100
}

Mail Classes

The following Mail Class attributes are not configuable via greenarrow.conf or the configuration API. You may use GreenArrow Engine’s web interface to configure them:

Regex Before HTML Conversion
Regex After HTML Conversion
Regex for HTML Part
Regex for Text Part

All other Mail Class attributes are configurable via greenarrow.conf.

syntax:

define_mail_classes_in_config_file boolean

default:

context:

When this directive is turned on, Mail Classes in GreenArrow’s internal database are replaced with those specified in the configuration file.

general {
  define_mail_classes_in_config_file yes
}

syntax:

bounce_address_external string [, ... ]

context:

This directive is used to specify bounce addresses on external servers which GreenArrow should consider valid when parsing the bounce_address setting for a Mail Class. Bounce mailboxes hosted on the local GreenArrow server should not be listed using this directive.

Multiple addresses can be specified by providing a comma delimited list or multiple bounce_address_external lines.

general {
  bounce_address_external "[email protected]", "[email protected]"
  bounce_address_external "[email protected]"
}

syntax:

virtual_mta string

context:

This directive sets the VirtualMTA used by a Mail Class.

mail_class orders {
  virtual_mta smtp1-1
}

syntax:

listid string

context:

This directive sets the ListID used by a Mail Class.

mail_class orders {
  listid widgets
}

syntax:

seed integer integer

default:

disabled

context:

This directive causes messages to be sent to the configured seed list once a day, starting at the first message number given, and ending at the second message number. For example, the following configuration would send to the seed list between the day’s 50th and 5,000th message:

mail_class orders {
  seed 50 5000
}

syntax:

track_clicks_and_opens boolean

default:

context:

This directive turns on or off click and open tracking for the Mail Class.

mail_class orders {
  track_clicks_and_opens yes
}

syntax:

manage_unsubscribe_links boolean

default:

context:

This directive turns on or off unsubscribe link tracking for the Mail Class.

mail_class orders {
  manage_unsubscribe_links yes
}

syntax:

archive_sample_count integer

default:

disabled

context:

This directive causes GreenArrow to save a copy of the first N messages each day to the PostgreSQL database. Use caution when setting this parameter because excessive use can lead to disk space exhaustion.

mail_class orders {
  archive_sample_count 10
}

syntax:

add_message_id_if_missing boolean

default:

context:

Each email should contain a Message-ID header so that the receiving email client can correctly process it. This directive causes GreenArrow to verify that the header exists in each email, and if not, to insert one.

mail_class orders {
  add_message_id_if_missing yes
}

syntax:

url_domain string

default:

$CLICKTHROUGH_URL in /var/hvmail/control/simplemh-config

context:

This directive controls the URL Domain to use for click and open tracking.

mail_class orders {
  url_domain ga.example.com
}

syntax:

bounce_address string

default:

$RETURN_PATH_OVERRIDE in /var/hvmail/control/simplemh-config

context:

This directive controls the bounce mailbox to use for messages in this Mail Class. The specified mailbox must be either:

A local bounce mailbox configured via greenarrow.conf, the configuration API, or GreenArrow’s web interface.
Defined in a bounce_address_external directive.

mail_class orders {
  bounce_address "[email protected]"
}

syntax:

convert_textonly_to_html_do_conversion boolean

default:

context:

This directive controls whether GreenArrow will convert text only messages to HTML.

mail_class orders {
  convert_textonly_to_html_do_conversion yes
}

syntax:

convert_textonly_to_html_header_to_add string

context:

This directive causes GreenArrow to append the specified footer to the HTML body of each text message that’s converted to HTML.

The directive only takes effect if convert_textonly_to_html_do_conversion is set to yes.

mail_class orders {
  convert_textonly_to_html_header_to_add "<img src=a0748a5e9769114c619480aab3d790bcquot;https://example.com/logo.pnga0748a5e9769114c619480aab3d790bcquot;>"
}

syntax:

convert_textonly_to_html_footer_to_add string

context:

This directive causes GreenArrow to append the specified footer to the HTML body of each text only that’s converted to HTML.

The directive only takes effect if convert_textonly_to_html_do_conversion is set to yes.

mail_class orders {
  convert_textonly_to_html_footer_to_add "<img src=360380d012950c1411c00386911270caquot;https://example.com/footer.png360380d012950c1411c00386911270caquot;>"
}

syntax:

convert_textonly_to_html_link_text string

context:

This directive causes the specified anchor text to be used in for links that appear in emails converted to HTML.

The directive only takes effect if convert_textonly_to_html_do_conversion is set to yes.

mail_class orders {
  convert_textonly_to_html_link_text link
}

syntax:

modify_html_header string

context:

This directive causes GreenArrow to prepend the specified header to the HTML version of each message.

mail_class orders {
  modify_html_header "<img src=5e785fe0003ca35a9c7fb59de32d4bbcquot;https://example.com/logo.png5e785fe0003ca35a9c7fb59de32d4bbcquot;>"
}

syntax:

modify_html_footer string

context:

This directive causes GreenArrow to append the specified footer to the HTML version of each message.

mail_class orders {
  modify_html_footer "<img src=2eb6d2d9c8857c7f4b96bffca0c4ac79quot;https://example.com/footer.png2eb6d2d9c8857c7f4b96bffca0c4ac79quot;>"
}

syntax:

modify_text_header string

context:

This directive causes GreenArrow to prepend the specified header to the text part of each multipart message.

mail_class orders {
  modify_text_header "Thank you for your recent order.\n"
}

syntax:

modify_text_footer string

context:

This directive causes GreenArrow to append the specified footer to the text part of each multipart message.

mail_class orders {
  modify_text_footer "\nTo track your shipment, please login to https://example.com/"
}

syntax:

bounce_message_passthrough boolean

default:

context:

When set to yes, this directive causes each bounce message for the Mail Class to be delivered to both the Mail Class’s configured bounce_address and the bounce address that was set for the message before it was injected into GreenArrow.

When set to no, each bounce message is delivered to just the Mail Class’s configured bounce_address.

mail_class orders {
  bounce_message_passthrough yes
}

syntax:

bcc string

default:

disabled

context:

This directive causes SimpleMH to BCC a copy of every message in the Mail Class to the specified email address.

mail_class orders {
  bcc "[email protected]"
}

syntax:

add_email_headers string

default:

disabled

context:

This directive adds the specified email headers to each message. Headers must follow the following rules:

If you specify multiple headers, separate them by newlines. Both Unix and Windows-style newlines are supported.
Up to 1024 characters of custom headers are supported.
Only the following X-Greenarrow headers are supported:
- X-GreenArrow-DKIM-Only-Using-Domain
- X-GreenArrow-Signing-Selector
- X-GreenArrow-Signing-Key-Filename
- X-GreenArrow-DKIM
The X-Mailer-Info header is prohibited.
Any other valid X-* header is allowed.

mail_class orders {
  add_email_headers "X-foo: bar\nX-bar: baz"
}

syntax:

ui_disk_space_warning_threshold percentage [path]

default:

80%

context:

This directive controls the threshold for displaying disk usage warnings in GreenArrow’s web interfaces. You can use multiple instances of this directive:

general {
  ui_disk_space_warning_threshold 75%
  ui_disk_space_warning_threshold 80% /var/hvmail/postgres
  ui_disk_space_warning_threshold 80% /var/hvmail/log
}

The directive is used to control the monitoring of disk space only. Inode usage is not monitored.

The following filesystems are monitored by default:

/.
Any mounted filesystem that uses brtfs, ext3, ext4 reiserfs or xfs.

The optional path argument is used to specify the mount point of a specific filesystem. If an entry excludes the path, then it changes the threshold for all monitored filesystems which don’t have their own ui_disk_space_warning_threshold entries:

general {
  ui_disk_space_warning_threshold 85%
}

If the path argument is included, and it matches the mount point of a filesystem, the filesystem is monitored, regardless of whether it’s in the default list of monitored filesystems:

general {
  ui_disk_space_warning_threshold 85% /media/disk1
}

If no mounted filesystem uses the specified path as its mount point, the entry is ignored:

general {
  ui_disk_space_warning_threshold 70% /no/such/filesystem
}

To exclude an individual filesystem from monitoring, set its threshold to 100%:

general {
  ui_disk_space_warning_threshold 100% /media/disk1
}

To exclude all filesystems from monitoring, either set ui_disk_space_warning_threshold to 100% use the ui_disk_space_warning_hide directive, which is described in the next section:

general {
  ui_disk_space_warning_threshold 100%
}

See the Warning Banner section of Troubleshooting Disk Space Issues for more details.

syntax:

ui_disk_space_warning_hide boolean

default:

context:

If ui_disk_space_warning_hide is set to yes, then disk space usage banner is never shown, regardless of the disk usage situation:

general {
  ui_disk_space_warning_hide yes
}

See the Warning Banner section of Troubleshooting Disk Space Issues for more details.

Let’s Encrypt Integration

Also see:

syntax:

lets_encrypt_agree_to_terms_of_service boolean

default:

context:

This directive indicates whether you agree to the Let’s Encrypt subscriber agreement.

GreenArrow can automatically register TLS certificates with Let’s Encrypt, but only if this directive is used to accept the agreement, and lets_encrypt_registration_email is used to indicate who accepted it.

general {
  lets_encrypt_agree_to_terms_of_service yes
}

syntax:

lets_encrypt_registration_email your_email_address

default:

none

context:

This directive sets the email address to use when agreeing to the Let’s Encrypt subscriber agreement. It only has meaning if lets_encrypt_agree_to_terms_of_service indicates acceptance of the agreement.

See TLS Certificate Configuration for more information about enabling Let’s Encrypt integration.

This email address will receive an Expiration Email from Let’s Encrypt before a certificate will expire. See Expiration Notifications for more information about domain expiration.

general {
  lets_encrypt_registration_email "[email protected]"
}

syntax:

lets_encrypt_certs_self_check boolean

default:

yes

context:

When this directive is enabled or absent:

GreenArrow’s checks whether it’s able to connect to itself via HTTP (port 80) at the URL domain before it attempts to register a TLS certificate with Let’s Encrypt for that domain.

We recommend keeping this setting turned on in most cases because it prevents sending invalid registration requests to Let’s Encrypt. Due to Let’s Encrypt’s rate limits, we aim to only communicate with Let’s Encrypt when we’re confident a request will succeed.

If the self-check fails, an error is logged. These are shown in the URL domains screen in Engine’s user interface.

If your GreenArrow installation has a firewall configuration that prevents GreenArrow from connecting to its own URL domains, then this self-check doesn’t have any value and can be disabled by setting this directive to no.

When this directive is disabled:

GreenArrow will not attempt a self-check before connecting to Let’s Encrypt. In this mode, we rely solely on Let’s Encrypt’s http-01-challenge to confirm that the URL domain and its DNS is correctly configured.

general {
  lets_encrypt_certs_self_check yes
}

syntax:

lets_encrypt_registration_server URI

default:

The production Let's Encrypt registration server

context:

By default, GreenArrow communicates with the production Let’s Encrypt registration server. If you prefer to communicate with another server, such as Let Encrypt’s staging environment, then populate this parameter with the desired server’s URL.

This field was created for testing on non-production servers. It should not be edited on a production server unless you’re 100% confident that the change won’t have any negative consequences.

general {
  lets_encrypt_registration_server https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
}

TLS

syntax:

tls_certificate_files private_key certificate [intermediate]

default:

none

context:

This directive specifies the private key, certificate, and optionally, intermediate certificate to use for GreenArrow’s Server-Default TLS Certificate. It has higher precedence than tls_certificate_auto_generate.

All arguments must be absolute filesystem paths, like in the example below. Relative paths, like cert.pem, are not supported.

If any of the deprecated default TLS certificate files exist, they will prevent the certificate defined by this directive from taking effect for their relevant service.

See the Default TLS Certificate documentation for more information.

general {
  tls_certificate_files /etc/tls/private.key /etc/tls/cert.pem /etc/tls/ca.pem
}

syntax:

tls_certificate_auto_generate domain_name

default:

none

context:

This directive has no effect unless the Let’s Encrypt subscriber agreement has been accepted via lets_encrypt_agree_to_terms_of_service and lets_encrypt_registration_email.

This directive specifies a domain for which GreenArrow should register a TLS certificate with Let’s Encrypt, then use for the Server-Default TLS Certificate. This directive has lower precedence than tls_certificate_files.

If any of the deprecated default TLS certificate files exist, they will prevent the certificate defined by this directive from taking effect for their relevant service.

See the Default TLS Certificate documentation for more information.

general {
  tls_certificate_auto_generate example.com
}

syntax:

studio_user_session_activity_timeout duration

default:

none

context:

The length of time that a user can be idle before they will be automatically signed out of GreenArrow Studio. Any regular page navigation within Studio will refresh this timeout. Dynamically reloading pages will not refresh this timeout.

Regardless of how this directive is configured, GreenArrow Studio will always sign out users whose session has been inactive for 30 days or more.

The process that manages these timeouts runs once per minute, so there can be up to that long of a delay after the timeout expires until the user is actually signed out. The (inactive) web browser will not refresh to indicate the user has signed out until the user attempts to interact with another Studio page. At that time, the user would be redirected back to the sign-in page.

general {
  studio_user_session_activity_timeout 2h
}

syntax:

studio_user_login_lockout_attempt_window duration

default:

15m

context:

The window of time in which failed sign-in attempts accumulate.

See studio_user_login_lockout_duration for a detailed description of user lockouts.

general {
  studio_user_login_lockout_attempt_window 15m
}

syntax:

studio_user_login_lockout_attempt_count integer

default:

context:

The number of failed sign-in attempts during the studio_user_login_lockout_attempt_window window that will cause a lockout.

See studio_user_login_lockout_duration for a detailed description of user lockouts.

general {
  studio_user_login_lockout_attempt_count 10
}

syntax:

studio_user_login_lockout_duration duration

default:

15m

context:

The length of time for which the user will be locked-out following an excessive number of failed logins in a window.

If a user attempts (and fails) to sign in at least studio_user_login_lockout_attempt_count number of times within a studio_user_login_lockout_attempt_window window of time, that user will be locked out for the length of time defined by this directive.

If any of these three directives are set to zero, no user lockouts will occur.

Attempts to sign in during the lockout will not result in an extension of the lockout.

When a lockout occurs, previous sign-in attempts are discarded. Once the lockout expires, the user will again have studio_user_login_lockout_attempt_count number of attempts to gain access.

This means that the maximum speed of bad login attempts that one can achieve is:

max(
  (studio_user_login_lockout_attempt_count - 1) / studio_user_login_lockout_attempt_window,
  studio_user_login_lockout_attempt_count / studio_user_login_lockout_duration
)

So for a max attempts count of 10 and a lockout duration of 15 minutes, a user can make approximately 40 attempts per hour. However, a shorter attempt window can lead to a faster rate of attempts. If in the previous example the window is 5 minutes, then a rate of 108 attempts per hour can theoretically be achieved.

User lockouts do not apply to Studio API keys.

general {
  studio_user_login_lockout_duration 15m
}

syntax:

studio_user_login_logfile filename

default:

none

context:

Log all (successful and failures) user login attempts to the given file. One line will be written to this file per login attempt.

This file must be writable by the apache system user. The filename must contain an absolute path (i.e. it begins with /).

The log file will include entries for the following events:

An unknown account email address was provided.
An invalid password was provided.
An invalid password was provided and the user now locked-out.
A sign-in attempt was made while the user was locked out.
A sign-in attempt was successful and the user is now signed-in.

GreenArrow does not rotate this file, so to avoid disk space exhaustion, you should put a rotation system into place. No GreenArrow services need to be restarted after you rotate the file.

Here’s an example of what will be written to that log file:

2020-05-13 19:58:48 user_not_found: Unknown email address. entered_email="asdf" client_ip="1.2.3.4"
2020-05-13 19:59:00 success: Successful sign-in. user_id="5002" user_email="[email protected]". client_ip="192.136.170.88"
2020-05-13 20:01:51 inactive_organization: Attempt to sign into an inactive organization. user_id="5002" user_email="[email protected]" client_ip="1.2.3.4"
2020-05-13 20:02:06 no_password: Blank password, sign-in aborted. entered_email="[email protected]" client_ip="1.2.3.4"
2020-05-13 20:02:42 invalid_password: Invalid password. user_id="5002" user_email="[email protected]" attempt=1 client_ip="1.2.3.4"
2020-05-13 20:02:44 invalid_password: Invalid password. user_id="5002" user_email="[email protected]" attempt=2 client_ip="1.2.3.4"
2020-05-13 20:02:46 invalid_password_locked_out: Invalid password, user is now locked out. user_id="5002" user_email="[email protected]" attempt=3 lockout_expires="May 13, 2020 3:04pm (-0500)" client_ip="1.2.3.4"
2020-05-13 20:02:48 user_locked_out: Refused access due to lock-out. user_id="5002" user_email="[email protected]" lockout_expires="May 13, 2020 3:04pm (-0500)" client_ip="1.2.3.4"

Each line begins with the time, followed by a code indicating the result of the sign-in attempt. The valid codes are:

user_not_found
success
inactive_organization
no_password
invalid_password
invalid_password_locked_out
user_locked_out
internal_error_unknown_user_signin_result

general {
  studio_user_login_logfile "/var/hvmail/apache/logs/studio_user_login.log"
}

Studio Content Editor

syntax:

bee_images_domain domain

default:

`/var/hvmail/control/me`

context: